1. What is personalized medicine?

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) describes it this way: "Personalized medicine is a Emerging medical practice of individual genetic characteristics to guide diagnosis and treatment decisions related to disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment".

For years, Personalised Healthcare has meant detecting disease-related biomarkers and delivering targeted treatments . Now with the development of clinical practice, personalized medicine has richer connotations, and is committed to the "one-size-fits-all" treatmentTreatment is transformed to provide the best possible care for every patient. Personalized medicine combines pioneering science, data, analytics and technology to accelerate new scientific discoveries that improve patients' lives. Today, personalized medicine is extended and tandem with a patient's entire disease journey, providing each individual with an evidence-based, technology-enabled, tailored holistic approach to care.

Figure 1. Personalized medicine throughout the patient journey

Personalised healthcare means more than precision medicine, because it has the word "care" not "medicine"

Personalized medicine not only means precision medicine, but also emphasizes "care", not just "medicine"

2.Individualized Medicine from Different Perspectives

Patient View

The remote can also participate in itself DiseaseManagement

Martina Ribera, 49

Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis 20 years ago

In order to let the doctor know more about the changes in my condition, every time I see a doctor, digital software will be used to record all the occurrences in the past period of time. Symptoms, I hope the doctor can know more about my information and help the doctor make a more suitable plan for me. After all, each patient's situation is different.

Doctor's Perspective

Fine treatment decisions through continuous monitoring of individuals

Parkinsonian Specialist

Dr Ron Postuma

Associate Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

As a physician, it can sometimes be really hard to ensure that the treatment plans for your patients are accurate. Therefore, I will often check the patient-related data through the monitoring software on the mobile phone, understand the patient's disease status in real time, make an assessment, and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner according to the assessment results.

Scientist Perspective

Accurate, comprehensive data for better R&D

Cognitive Neuroscientist

Kirsten Taylor

Head of Biomarkers and Laboratory Medicine

We have a more objective and comprehensive collection of each patient through devices that can track patients' clinically relevant signals, or monitor symptoms The information and data can help clinical trial research and development be more accurate and efficient, and benefit more patients.

3. Forerunners of personalized medical solutions at home and abroad

Oncology Field

Digital Remote Management System

Figure 2. Kaiku^® Health Solution Illustration< /span>

Kaiku^® Health is a digital remote management software (DPMM, digital patient monitoring and management), which aims to provide digital tools for real-time symptom management and reporting for patients receiving immunotherapy, while helping clinicians to better formulate appropriate treatment plans for patients^{< span style="color:#333333;font-size:14px;font-family:Arial;">[1]} (see Figure 2). Based on data processing and advanced algorithms, the solution can customize interventions for patients, thereby reducing serious adverse events, hospital stays, and emergency room visits, ultimately resulting in longer survival and improved quality of life (see Figure 3). Currently, Kaiku^® Health has obtained EU CE Mark certification as a Class IIA medical device, and has also obtained FDA approval exemption as a medical device. The solution is currently available as a prescription digital therapy in more than 40 oncology hospitals and clinics in Europe and the United States.

Figure 3. Kaiku via remote management system^® Health Symptom management of patients can extend patient survival by 5 months^[2]

Ophthalmology

Fundus image aided diagnosis software

In the field of ophthalmology, the use of big data to carry out personalized medicine has achieved rapid development in recent years, represented by fundus image-assisted diagnosis software , with deep learning and other artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze the color fundus photos taken by the fundus camera, develop and verify the algorithm model, and draw auxiliary diagnosis suggestions for related diseases to help clinicians make better clinical decisions.

At present, the State Food and Drug Administration also strongly supports and encourages the review and approval progress of artificial intelligence medical products centered on advanced algorithms. In July 2019, the world's first technical review points on artificial intelligence medical devices "Deep Learning Assisted Decision-Making Medical Device Software Review Points" was released to promote the commercialization of individualized treatment programs.

Up to now, three software products of fundus image-assisted diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy in China have been approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Class III certificate for medical devices^[3-5]< span style="color:#333333;font-size:14px;font-family:Arial;">. The software can generate patient reports with retinal images, examination results, disease progression and referral recommendations through retinal image information collection, image quality control, and image analysis and classification, so as to provide reference and suggestions for doctors in diagnosis and evaluation ^[6].

Figure 4. Example diagram of fundus image auxiliary diagnosis software analysis

4. How to personalize medicine for patients Maximize the benefits?

Personalized medicine is patient-centred and designed to match the right patient with the right treatment at the right time. And this goal is not easy, because each patient's disease situation is very complex and different. Only through the integration of different dimensions such as genomics information, imaging, pathology, electronic medical cases, and digital medical information, can the patient's situation gradually become clear from vagueness. Through the analysis and technology under the big data, it is possible to customize the individualized diagnosis and treatment care plan for the patients.

In short, through medical professionals, biologists, experimental researchers, medical and pharmaceutical parties, medical and scientific professional associations, etc. Only by cooperating and promoting together can we provide patients with individualized medical solutions that maximize benefits, which will also become the trend of future diagnosis and treatment.